Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Complex autoimmune condition affecting multiple organs including joints, skin, kidneys, and blood. Specialist management is essential.
Last medically reviewed by Dr Leena Das: March 2026
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a complex autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks healthy tissues throughout the body. It can affect the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart, and lungs.
Lupus affects approximately 1 in 1,000 people in the UK, with women being nine times more likely to develop the condition than men. It most commonly develops between the ages of 15 and 45 and is more prevalent in people of Afro-Caribbean, Asian, and Chinese heritage.
The condition is characterised by periods of flare-ups and remission. Common symptoms include joint pain and swelling, fatigue, skin rashes (including the characteristic butterfly rash across the cheeks), mouth ulcers, hair loss, sensitivity to sunlight, and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Because lupus can affect virtually any organ, it requires careful specialist assessment and monitoring. Dr Das provides comprehensive lupus care including thorough clinical assessment, blood tests (ANA, anti-dsDNA, complement levels, full blood count), urine analysis for kidney involvement, and ongoing monitoring.
Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include hydroxychloroquine (a cornerstone treatment for most lupus patients), immunosuppressive medications (azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide), corticosteroids during flares, and biologic therapies (belimumab). Regular monitoring is essential to detect organ involvement early and adjust treatment accordingly.
Symptoms
- •Joint pain and swelling
- •Fatigue
- •Butterfly rash across cheeks
- •Skin rashes worsened by sun exposure
- •Mouth ulcers
- •Hair loss
- •Raynaud's phenomenon
- •Kidney problems
- •Chest pain with deep breathing
Treatment Options
- ✓Hydroxychloroquine
- ✓Immunosuppressive medications
- ✓Corticosteroids for flares
- ✓Biologic therapies (belimumab)
- ✓Sun protection
- ✓Regular organ monitoring
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes lupus?
The exact cause is unknown, but it involves a combination of genetic predisposition, hormonal factors (hence the female predominance), and environmental triggers such as UV light, infections, and certain medications. It is an autoimmune condition, not contagious.
Can lupus affect organs other than joints?
Yes, lupus can affect the kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood cells, and other organs. This is why specialist monitoring is important — regular blood and urine tests help detect organ involvement early.
Is lupus life-threatening?
With modern treatment and monitoring, most people with lupus live full, active lives. However, it can be serious if it affects the kidneys or other vital organs, which is why specialist management is essential.
How is lupus diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves clinical assessment combined with blood tests including ANA, anti-dsDNA antibodies, complement levels, and full blood count. No single test confirms lupus — Dr Das uses a combination of symptoms, examination findings, and test results.
Expert Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Care
Book a private consultation with Dr Leena Das. Self-referral accepted — no GP referral needed.
Book Appointment — From £225